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  • cla

    CLA zou spierafbraak, bijvoorbeeld ten gevolge van een dieet, of intensieve training, tegengaan, de vetverbranding verbeteren, het lichaamsvet verminderen en tevens helpen tegen het bij diëten zo gevreesde jojo-effect verschijnsel, dat men na een (afslank)dieet ondergaan te hebben, net zo snel (of: sneller), weer (of: meer) aankomt. CLA zou er ook voor zorgen dat de energie die wordt geput uit vetverbranding, ten bate komt van de spiermassa, eerder dan dat deze wordt gebruikt voor de basale stofwisseling.

    Nu kwam ik het volgende tegen:

    Humane studies zien dat in CLA slikkers verhoogde insulineresistentie optreedt en een verhoging in ontstekingsreacties een hoger risico op hartziekten als gevolg heeft.

    Kreider RB, Ferreira MP, Greenwood M, Wilson M, Almada AL. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during resistance training on body composition, bone density, strength, and selected hematological markers. J Strength Cond Res. 2002 Aug;16(3):325-34.

    En het volgende:

    - Eerder was al bekend dat supplementeren met CLA tot gevolg had dat de omvang en het gewicht van de lever met tot 50% toenam, maar verder was niet bekend wat hier de mogelijke oorzaak en gevolgen van waren (werd afgedaan als een "aanpassing van de lever op de verhoogde opname van CLA").
    - Dit onderzoek heeft veranderingen door supplementeren met CLA in vetzuurgehaltes in het hart en de lever onderzocht en komt tot de conclusie dat supplementeren met CLA tot gevolg had dat er een stuk minder respectievelijk meer DHA (omega 3-vetzuur) aanwezig was in het hart, de lever, plus veranderingen in Arachidonzuurgehalte (omega 6-vetzuur).
    - Aangezien DHA een essentieel vetzuur is wat belangrijk is voor verschillende functies van het lichaam, vinden de onderzoekers het zorgelijk dat CLA blijkbaar zo'n groot effect heeft (vermindering) van het DHA-gehalte in het hart.


    ARS | Publication request: FATTY ACID PROFILES OF LIVER, ADIPOSE TISSUE, SPEEN, AND HEART OF MICE FED DIETS CONTAINING T10, C-12-, AND C9, T11-CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ADIC


    Zelf gebruik ik visolie (epa & dha 1500 mg op een dag) en o.a. ook cla. Verschillende studies laten verschillende uitkomsten zien. Wat is wijsheid? Doorgaan met gebruik cla?
    Bis vincit, qui se vincit in victoria.

  • #2
    Interesant stukkie Fannie!

    Maar wat ik mij afvraag is als je CLA neemt en daarbij visolie., breekt het dan ook de DHA af? of werkt omega3 supletie juist preventief tegen afbraak van de CLA?

    weet iemand hier meer over misschien want daar ben ik op het internet niks over tegengekomen...
    Hijs fijn!

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    • #3
      Ik slik CLA al bijna 2 jaar en heb besloten om er toch maar mee te stoppen. Mede omdat ik las dat het iets doet met de dha. Ik heb ook lopen zoeken op internet, maar kon er niets over vinden. Er staat dat er een vermindering van dha in het hart is gevonden, maar kon niets vinden over andere effecten, wel dat het voor serieuze gezondheidsproblemen kan zorgen, omdat de cla de dha teniet doet.

      Ik slik zowel CLA als visolie (hoog gedoseerd) en als CLA de DHA in visolie ondermijnt, lijkt het mij geen slim plan om met de CLA door te gaan. Ik was benieuwd wat anderen hierover wisten, of nieuwe informatie hadden, maar tot op heden (blijkbaar) vrij weinig
      Bis vincit, qui se vincit in victoria.

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      • #4
        Volgens mij had ik een artikel gelezen dat CLA de lever zou vergroten (in hoeverre dat waar is,geen idee!).Maar misschien vergis ik mij nu.

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        • #5
          Toch nog even verder gezocht op dha en cla, maar dit is het enige wat ik kon vinden (of zelfde uitkomsten, maar vergelijkbare studies):

          CLA supplementation caused a greater than four fold increase in circulating insulin, a 2.6 fold increase in liver weights and a greater than 6 fold increase in the weight of mean total lipids in livers as compared with the corresponding values in the control group. DHA reversed the CLA induced insulin resistance, while EPA was completely ineffective.

          INFLUENCE OF DIETARY FATTY ACIDS ON HUMAN HEALTH WITH EMPHASIS ON IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES Title: Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) But Not Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Reverses Trans-10, Cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice1

          We and other investigators have previously shown that supplementing animal diets with a mixture of CLA isomers or purified t10, c12-CLA (found in margarines, shortenings, and other processed seed oils) caused fatty liver, insulin resistance, lipid peroxidation and inflammation in animal models; some of these adverse effects of t10, c12-CLA have also been found in human subjects. We recently found that concomitant supplementation of either EPA or DHA with CLA prevented the development of fatty livers, while only DHA prevented the CLA-induced insulin resistance.

          Madhuri Vemuri, Darshan S. Kelley, Bruce. E. Mackey, Reuven Rasooly, Giovanni Bartolini. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. December 1, 2007, 5(4): 315-322.
          Bis vincit, qui se vincit in victoria.

          Comment


          • #6
            Zal morgen even pubmed afschuimen voor je. Ga nu slapen. Zorg wel dat ik een mooie pm heb dat ik het niet vergeet graag, anders zou dat best mis kunnen lopen.
            "Een zoektocht naar kennis moet los staan van het moreel van goed of kwaad, anders is die toch gedoemd niet volledig te zijn." - Genjuro

            sigpic

            "Rock is overpowered. Paper is fine" -Scissors-

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            • #7
              Interesant mensuh.. ik ga ook ff verder kijken...
              Hijs fijn!

              Comment


              • #8
                Zoals beloofd, even wat research gedaan. Key points staan in het rood.

                Arachidonic acid prevents fatty liver induced by conjugated linoleic acid in mice.
                Oikawa D, Tsuyama S, Akimoto Y, Mizobe Y, Furuse M.
                Laboratory of Advanced Animal and Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
                Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has anti-obesity effects, but induces fatty liver in mice. The present study investigated whether co-administration of arachidonic acid (ARA) attenuates fat accumulation in the mouse liver induced by CLA. Male mice (8 weeks old) were given diets with either no addition of dietary fat (control), 3 % linoleic acid (LA), 3 % CLA, 3 % CLA+1 % ARA, or 3 % CLA+2 % ARA for 4 weeks. The perirenal fat weight in ARA-treated groups decreased similarly as with CLA alone, when compared to control or LA. Plasma TAG concentration was significantly higher in the CLA group than in either CLA+ARA group, while plasma cholesterol and NEFA concentrations did not vary among the groups. In contrast to visceral fat, liver weight was significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control or LA groups, and the effects of CLA were attenuated by ARA. TAG and cholesterol were markedly accumulated in the liver with dietary CLA, whereas co-administration with ARA, at either concentration, suppressed CLA-induced lipid accumulation. Liver PGE2 was enhanced by a combination of CLA and ARA when compared with CLA alone, but PGE1 level was not significantly different among groups. In conclusion, fatty liver induced by CLA was attenuated by co-administration with ARA, furthermore, a combination of these fatty acids maintained the anti-obese effect of CLA.
                PMID: 18947440 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

                Performance and tissue fatty acid profiles in veal calves fed diets supplemented with conjugated linoleic acids.Marounek M, Skrivanová V, Výborná A, Dusková D.
                Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic. marounek@iapg.cas.cz
                Three groups of six calves each were fed a milk replacer at 0.8 kg and a starter concentrate ad libitum. Calves of the control group received the basal diet supplemented with rapeseed oil at 10 g per kg of feed solids. Calves of treatment groups were fed diets supplemented with a synthetically produced oil containing 62.3% methyl esters of CLA. The CLA-oil was added to milk at expense of rapeseed oil and fed at 5 and 10 g x kg(-1) feed solids for 63 days. Calves were slaughtered at 115 days of age. There was no significant effect of CLA on growth, intake of starter, feed conversion, chemical composition of meat and its oxidative stability. Dietary supplementation with CLA at 10 g x kg(-1) significantly increased CLA content in m. longissimus dorsi (MLD) from 5.6 to 19.3 mg x 100 g(-1), in liver from 13.1 to 68.8 mg x 100 g(-1), and in perirenal fat from 0.37 to 3.17 g x 100 g(-1). Dietary CLA decreased the ratio of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers of CLA in tissues, concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in the MLD and fat, as well as the concentration of fatty acids with 20 and 22 carbon atoms. It can be concluded that in veal calves unprotected CLA apparently escaped ruminal hydrogenation, but was preferentially incorporated into depot fat.
                PMID: 18942584 [PubMed - in process]
                Oftewel: het breekt de erg lange ketens onverzadigde vetten af, en het zorgt voor leververvetting. Zou even 3xl's Fats and prostaglandins moeten raadplegen om te bepalen welke typen hieronder vallen, maar vrees dat je DHA en EPA hieronder kunt scharen.

                Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on fatty acid composition in the plasma, liver, and epididymal fat pads of male-Sprague Dawley rats.Kang KJ, Choi SS.
                Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. kjkang@duksung.ac.kr
                The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the fatty acid composition of plasma, liver, and epididymal fat pads in rats. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and received beef tallow (BT), fish oil (FO), beef tallow with CLA (BTC), and fish oil with CLA (FOC). All the rats were fed an experimental diet containing 12% (wt/wt) total fat, including CLA at 1%, for 30 weeks. The fatty acid analyses of the plasma, liver, and epididymal fat pads were performed by the one-step methylation method, followed by gas chromatography. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels in the plasma were significantly reduced in the BTC group as compared to the BT group. The levels of C18:1 and C20:4 in the liver were significantly lower in the BTC group than in the BT group (P < .05). CLA was detected in the epididymal fat pads of the rats that did not receive supplemental CLA (the BT and FO groups), indicating de novo synthesis. CLA caused significant decreases in C18:1 fatty acid levels in both the BTC and FOC groups in epididymal fat pads. C22:6 was significantly higher in the liver microsomes of the BTC group, as compared to the BT group. MUFA was stored at higher levels in the epididymal fat pads and was significantly lower in level in the CLA-supplemented (BTC and FOC) groups as compared to the BT and FO groups (P < .05). In conclusion, dietary CLA supplementation in rats altered fatty acid composition in a tissue-specific manner. CLA was stored mainly in the epididymal fat pad. The results also suggested that CLA may inhibit the conversions of C18:0 to C18:1 and C18:2 to C20:4 fatty acid, resulting in significantly lower levels of C18:1 and C20:4 in the livers of the BTC group as compared to the BT group.
                PMID: 18800889 [PubMed - in process]
                Ook hier zie je dat de MUFA's afnemen in hoeveelheid. Betwijfel ten zeerste of die ontwikkeling positief is.

                Het eerste geval van levertoxiciteit door CLA:
                Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Induced Toxic Hepatitis: First Case Report.Ramos R, Mascarenhas J, Duarte P, Vicente C, Casteleiro C.
                Gastroenterology Department, Covilhã University Hospital, Quinta do Alvito, 6000-251, Covilhã, Portugal, ruimmramos@gmail.com.
                A 46-year-old female patient was referred to our department with presenting symptoms of asthenia, jaundice, and pruritus. There was no medical history or clinical evidence of viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, hemochromatosis, or Wilson's disease. The patient revealed that 14 days prior to admission she had begun self-medicating with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to reduce body fat, leading to the suspicion of CLA hepatotoxicity, which was subsequently confirmed by a liver biopsy. After the patient ceased to ingest CLA, liver enzymes levels normalized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of hepatotoxicity due to CLA ingestion.
                PMID: 18720003 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
                "Een zoektocht naar kennis moet los staan van het moreel van goed of kwaad, anders is die toch gedoemd niet volledig te zijn." - Genjuro

                sigpic

                "Rock is overpowered. Paper is fine" -Scissors-

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                • #9
                  Over de insulineresistentie:

                  Hier een bron die aangeeft dat CLA insulineresistentie bevordert, maar wordt verminderd door resveratrol:
                  Inflammation plays a role in trans-10, cis-12 (10,12) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-mediated delipidation and insulin resistance in adipocytes. Given the anti-inflammatory role of resveratrol (RSV), we hypothesized that RSV would attenuate inflammation and insulin resistance caused by 10,12 CLA in human adipocytes. RSV blocked 10,12 CLA induction of the inflammatory response by preventing activation of extracellular signal related kinase (ERK) and induction of inflammatory gene expression (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, IL-1ss) within 12 h. Similarly, RSV suppressed 10,12 CLA-mediated activation of the inflammatory prostaglandin (PG) pathway involving phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and PGF2a. In addition, RSV attenuated 10,12 CLA increase of intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with cellular stress, and activation of stress-related proteins (i.e., ATF3, JNK) within 12 h. 10,12 CLA-mediated insulin resistance and suppression of fatty acid uptake and triglyceride content were attenuated by RSV. Lastly, 10,12 CLA-mediated decrease of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) protein levels and activation of a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) reporter were prevented by RSV. RSV increased the basal activity of the PPRE, suggesting RSV increases PPAR activity. Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that RSV prevents 10,12 CLA-mediated insulin resistance and delipidation in human adipocytes by attenuating inflammation and cellular stress and increasing PPAR activity.
                  PMID: 18776171 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
                  Hier een lead die wijst dat dat we te weinig omega 3's binnen krijgen, zeker als je ook CLA eet:
                  Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
                  Insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are found in 35 and 30 % of US adults, respectively. Trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been found to cause both these disorders in several animal models. We hypothesised that IR and NAFLD caused by CLA result from n-3 fatty acid deficiency. Pathogen-free C57BL/6N female mice (aged 8 weeks; n 10) were fed either a control diet or diets containing trans-10, cis-12-CLA (0.5 %) or CLA+flaxseed oil (FSO) (0.5 %+0.5 %) for 8 weeks. Weights of livers, concentration of circulating insulin, values of homeostatic model 1 (HOMA1) for IR and HOMA1 for beta cell function were higher by 160, 636, 985 and 968 % in the CLA group compared with those in the control group. FSO decreased fasting glucose by 20 % and liver weights by 37 % compared with those in the CLA group; it maintained circulating insulin, HOMA1-IR and HOMA1 for beta cell function at levels found in the control group. CLA supplementation decreased n-6 and n-3 wt% concentrations of liver lipids by 57 and 73 % and increased the n-6:n-3 ratio by 58 % compared with corresponding values in the control group. FSO increased n-6 and n-3 PUFA in liver lipids by 33 and 342 % and decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio by 70 % compared with corresponding values in the CLA group. The present results suggest that some adverse effects of CLA may be due to n-3 PUFA deficiency and that these can be corrected by a concomitant increase in the intake of alpha-linolenic acid, 18 : 3n-3.
                  PMID: 18710604 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
                  Hier eentje over dat CLA wel goed is tegen overgewicht, met oplossing voor leververvetting:
                  Dietary combination of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and pine nut oil prevents CLA-induced fatty liver in mice.Ferramosca A, Savy V, Conte L, Zara V.
                  Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
                  Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) strongly prevents fat accumulation in adipose tissue of mice, even if hepatic fat deposition and insulin resistance are concomitantly observed. This study investigated the possibility of maintaining the antiadiposity properties of CLA while preventing adverse effects such as liver steatosis and hyperinsulinemia. To this end, mice were divided into three groups and fed a standard diet (control) or a diet supplemented with 1% CLA (CLA) or a mixture of 1% CLA plus 7.5% pine nut oil (CLA + P). The combination of CLA + P preserved the CLA-mediated antiadiposity properties (70% fat reduction), preventing hepatic steatosis and a sharp increase in plasmatic insulin starting from the eighth week of CLA treatment. The assay of both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the CLA + P mice revealed a time-dependent biphasic behavior of the corresponding enzymatic activities. A sudden change in these metabolic events was indeed found at the eighth week. A strong correlation between the changes in key enzymes of lipid metabolism and in insulin levels apparently exists in CLA-fed mice. Furthermore, lower levels of lipids, in comparison to values found in CLA-fed mice, were observed in the liver and plasma of CLA + P-fed animals.
                  PMID: 18702470 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
                  DHA>EPA? En ook hier wordt de leververvetting aangetoond. Evenals insulineresistentie.
                  Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) But Not Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Prevents Trans-10, Cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice.Vemuri M, Kelley DS, Mackey BE, Rasooly R, Bartolini G.
                  Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California.
                  Background: The objective of this study was to investigate if eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) or both would prevent conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-induced insulin resistance and fatty liver. Methods: Eight-week-old, pathogen-free C57BL/6N female mice (10 per group) were fed either a control diet or diets containing t10, c12-CLA (0.5 wt %), CLA + DHA (0.5% + 1.5 wt %), or CLA + EPA (0.5% + 1.5 wt %) for 8 weeks prior to sacrifice and tissue collection. Results: CLA supplementation caused an 8.9-fold increase in circulating insulin, a 2.6-fold increase in liver weight, and a 6.2-fold increase in the weight of total lipids in the liver as compared with the corresponding values in the control group. DHA prevented the CLA-induced insulin resistance, while EPA was ineffective. Both EPA and DHA prevented CLA-induced fatty liver and reduced weights of total liver lipids to the levels of the control group. CLA also reduced the plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations to approximately 15% of those in the control group. Both EPA and DHA partially restored the CLA-induced decrease in leptin, but only DHA partially restored the plasma adiponectin. Conclusions: Our results suggest that DHA but not EPA in fish oils may reduce insulin resistance which may be mediated through an increase in circulating adiponectin. These findings may have clinical implications in the dietary management of patients at risk of insulin resistance and diabetes.
                  PMID: 18370801 [PubMed - in process]
                  Overigens, wellicht dat niet alle CLA's hetzelfde zijn. Ik weet het eerlijk gezegd niet, maar krijg die indruk omdat het soms gewoon als CLA wordt neergezet en soms als Trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA).
                  Last edited by GeneralIx; 25-11-2008, 22:28.
                  "Een zoektocht naar kennis moet los staan van het moreel van goed of kwaad, anders is die toch gedoemd niet volledig te zijn." - Genjuro

                  sigpic

                  "Rock is overpowered. Paper is fine" -Scissors-

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                  • #10
                    Als eerste thanks general!!!!

                    Heb zo'n drukke nare dag gehad (7u van huis uit, net thuis) dat ik geen tijd had om je een pm te sturen, thanks !

                    Toen ik CLA begon te slikken wist ik dat het je lever vergroot, maar ook dat het binnen no time weer 'normaal' was. Ik doe altijd wel enigzins research voordat ik supps ga slikken. Voordelen waren toen groter dan de nadelen.

                    Ik wist alleen niet dat het insuline resistentie in de hand werkt. Voor iemand als ik, die insuline resistent is, is dat niet zo handig. Ik merkte het een paar weken geleden, toen ik begon met hard lopen, dat ik zulke steken kreeg in mijn rechterzij (milt zit links) dat ik steeds moest stoppen met lopen. Vorig jaar met mijn grote bek tegen collega's gezegd dat ik volgend jaar wel mee zou doen aan de santa run. Al denkend dat ze het dit jaar wel vergeten zouden zijn, niet dus. Toen maar begonnen met hardlopen...

                    Advies gevraagd aan de instructeur op de sportschool en die gaf een aantal opties o.a. dat je lever niet goed zou kunnen werken. Op internet (I love google) de mogelijkheden verder onderzocht (nieuwe theorie is dat het ook door opgehoopte lucht in je darmen kan komen, etc etc) en toen kwam ik bij de vergrote lever en de CLA uit. Voor mij reden om verder te gaan zoeken.

                    Voor mij is de opgezochte info erg nuttig!!!!

                    Ik heb inderdaad ook gelezen over verschillende soorten CLA. Verschillende onderzoeken gaan van verschillende standpunten uit. De ene studie gaat uit van de CLA die je binnen krijgt via voeding (volgens mij Trans-10, cis-12, o.a. in margarine e.d.) en andere studies gaat uit van CLA supplementatie. Ergens gelezen, maar corrigeer mij maar als ik het fout heb.

                    In elk geval bedankt!
                    Bis vincit, qui se vincit in victoria.

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                    • #11
                      Zou zomaar kunnen, zou het zo niet weten. Maargoed, visolie erbij blijven slikken (vooral veel DHA) en er zou weinig aan het handje moeten zijn. Of de CLA gewoon skippen, maar dan mis je ook iets van het "anti-obesity effect".

                      Graag gedaan overigens.
                      "Een zoektocht naar kennis moet los staan van het moreel van goed of kwaad, anders is die toch gedoemd niet volledig te zijn." - Genjuro

                      sigpic

                      "Rock is overpowered. Paper is fine" -Scissors-

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                      • #12
                        Goeie info general!

                        Ook thanx!
                        Hijs fijn!

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                        • #13
                          Interessant stukje....
                          De beste supplementen tegen de scherpste prijzen!

                          Check ook onze FACEBOOK pagina

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