legale testosteron boosters

[Juldax]

2 keer gepost: de 2e is overzichtelijker

[Juldax]

BRON: www.uptodate.com

Testosterone: Drug information
Copyright 1978-2009 Lexi-Comp, Inc. All rights reserved.

(For additional information see "Testosterone: Patient drug information" and see "Testosterone: Pediatric drug information")
MEDICATION SAFETY ISSUES
Sound-alike/look-alike issues:
Testosterone may be confused with testolactone
Testoderm® may be confused with Estraderm®
Transdermal patch may contain conducting metal (eg, aluminum); remove patch prior to MRI.
U.S. BRAND NAMES — Androderm®; AndroGel®; Delatestryl®; Depo®-Testosterone; First®-Testosterone; First®-Testosterone MC; Striant®; Testim®; Testopel®


HIERONDER ALLE BIJWERKINGEN EN CONTRA INDICATIES

ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT — Frequency rarely defined.
Cardiovascular: Deep venous thrombosis, edema, hypertension, vasodilation
Central nervous system: Aggressive behavior, amnesia, anxiety, dizziness, emotional lability, excitation, headache, malaise, mental depression, nervousness, seizure, sleep apnea, sleeplessness
Dermatologic: Acne, alopecia, dry skin, hair discoloration, hirsutism (increase in pubic hair growth), pruritus, rash, seborrhea
Endocrine & metabolic: Breast soreness, gonadotropin secretion decreased, growth acceleration, gynecomastia, hot flashes, hypercalcemia, hyperchloremia, hypercholesterolemia, hyper-/hypokalemia, hyperlipidemia, hypernatremia, hypoglycemia, inorganic phosphate retention, libido changes, menstrual problems (including amenorrhea), virilism, water retention
Gastrointestinal: GI bleeding, GI irritation, nausea, taste disorder, vomiting, weight gain
Following buccal administration (most common): Bitter taste, gum edema, gum or mouth irritation, gum pain, gum tenderness, taste perversion
Genitourinary: Bladder irritability, epididymitis, impotence, oligospermia, priapism, prostatic carcinoma, prostatic hyperplasia, PSA increased, testicular atrophy, urination impaired
Hepatic: Bilirubin increased, cholestatic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, hepatic dysfunction, hepatic necrosis, hepatocellular neoplasms, liver function test changes, peliosis hepatis
Hematologic: Anemia, bleeding, hematocrit/hemoglobin increased, leukopenia, polycythemia, suppression of clotting factors
Local: Application site reaction (gel), injection site pain
Transdermal system: Pruritus at application site (37%), burn-like blisters under system (12%), erythema at application site (7%), vesicles at application site (6%), allergic contact dermatitis to system (4%), burning at application site (3%), induration at application site (3%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Paresthesia, weakness
Ocular: Lacrimation increased
Renal: Creatinine increased
Respiratory: Dyspnea
Miscellaneous: Anaphylactoid reactions, diaphoresis, hypersensitivity reactions, smell disorder
Postmarketing and/or case reports: Injection: Cough, coughing fits, respiratory distress

CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to testosterone or any component of the formulation; males with carcinoma of the breast or prostate; pregnancy or women who may become pregnant; breast-feeding
Depo®-Testosterone: Also contraindicated in serious hepatic, renal, or cardiac disease
Andriol®: Also contraindicated in hepatic, renal, or cardiac disease; hypercalcemia; nephrosis or nephritic phase of nephritis; prepubertal males; patients who are easily sexually stimulated

WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS

Concerns related to adverse effects:

• Gynecomastia: May cause gynecomastia.
• Hepatic effects: Prolonged use of high doses of androgens has been associated with serious hepatic effects (peliosis hepatis, hepatic neoplasms, cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice).
• Hypercalcemia: May cause hypercalcemia in patients with prolonged immobilization or cancer.
• Hypercholesterolemia: May alter serum cholesterol; use caution with history of MI or coronary artery disease.
• Hypoglycemia: Has both androgenic and anabolic activity, the anabolic action may enhance hypoglycemia.
• Prostate cancer: May increase the risk of prostate cancer.
• Spermatogenesis: Large doses may suppress spermatogenesis.

Disease-related concerns:

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): Urethral obstruction may develop in patients with BPH; treatment should be discontinued if this should occur (use lower dose if restarted). Withhold treatment pending urological evaluation if PSA >3 ng/mL.
• Edematous conditions: Use with caution in patients with conditions influenced by edema (eg, cardiovascular disease, migraine, seizure disorder, renal impairment); may cause fluid retention.
• Sleep apnea: May potentiate sleep apnea in some male patients (obesity or chronic lung disease).

Special populations:

• Elderly: Use with caution in elderly patients, they may be at greater risk for prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, fluid retention, and transaminase elevations.
• Pediatrics: May accelerate bone maturation without producing compensatory gain in linear growth in children; in prepubertal children perform radiographic examination of the hand and wrist every 6 months to determine the rate of bone maturation and to assess the effect of treatment on the epiphyseal centers. Gels and buccal system have not been evaluated in males <18 years of age; safety and efficacy of injection have not been established in males <12 years of age.

Dosage form specific issues:

• Benzyl alcohol: Some dosage forms may contain benzyl alcohol which has been associated with "gasping syndrome" in neonates.
• Gel: Testosterone may be transferred to another person following skin-to-skin contact with the application site. Virilization of female sexual partners has been reported with male use of the topical gel.
• Soy: Some testosterone products may be chemically synthesized from soy.
• Transdermal patch: May contain conducting metal (eg, aluminum); remove patch prior to MRI.

Het komt erop neer dat het maar goed is dat je waarschijnlijk van het meeste niet weet wat het betekent. Ik ga nu ff kijken wat testosteron precies in je lichaam doet.

[Juldax]

BRON: www.uptodate.com

ANDROGEN SYNTHESIS, TRANSPORT, METABOLISM, AND ACTION — The synthesis and metabolism of testosterone to the active metabolites, 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 17-beta-estradiol, are diagrammed in the Figure (show figure 4). Cholesterol, the precursor steroid, can either be synthesized in the Leydig cell or derived from the plasma pool via uptake of low density lipoproteins.
Androgen synthesis — Five enzymatic processes are involved in the conversion of cholesterol to testosterone:

• Cholesterol side chain cleavage (CYP11A1)
• 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3-beta-HSD)
• 17-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP17)
• 17,20-lyase (CYP17)
• 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3(17-beta-HSD3)

The conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone is the rate-limiting reaction in steroidogenesis, but under most conditions the rate is determined not by the activity of the side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1), but rather by the rate of delivery of cholesterol to the enzyme in the inner mitochondrial membrane by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), a process that may be the main site of action of LH [24].

Cholesterol side chain cleavage takes place in the mitochondria, and the remaining reactions occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. A single CYP17 enzyme possesses both 17-alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities; the mechanisms by which the two enzymatic functions are controlled are poorly understood [25], but mutations in different parts of the gene can influence the two processes selectively [26]. About 25 mcg of testosterone are present in the normal testes, and on average, 5 to 10 mg of testosterone are secreted daily in a pulsatile fashion under the control of LH [27]. In normal young men sleep-induced increases in testosterone cause testosterone levels to peak in the early morning [28]. Additional factors that influence Leydig cell function include insulin-like growth factor-I, transforming growth factors alpha and beta, epidermal growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor [29].
Testosterone metabolism - Testosterone can be converted to 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, which mediates many of the differentiative, growth-promoting, and functional aspects of androgen action in males. (show figure 4). (See "Normal sexual differentiation" and below). Alternatively, testosterone can be aromatized to estrogens, which exert effects that are independent of, opposite to, or synergistic to those of androgens [30]

Circulating dihydrotestosterone is formed principally in androgen target tissues [31]. In normal men, dihydrotestosterone formation accounts for about 6 to 8 percent of testosterone metabolism, and the ratio of plasma testosterone to dihydrotestosterone approximates 10 to 15:1. A number of delta-4, 3-keto-steroids can be 5-alpha-reduced, a reaction that is physiologically irreversible. There are two separate 5-alpha-reductase isoenzymes [32]. Enzyme 1 is expressed in liver and nongenital skin. Enzyme 2 is expressed in the male urogenital tract, genital skin, and liver and is defective in subjects with 5-alpha-reductase 2 deficiency. (See "Steroid 5-alpha-reductase 2 deficiency").

The principal role of dihydrotestosterone formation appears to be amplification of the androgen signal, presumably because of the higher affinity of dihydrotestosterone for binding to the AR (most easily demonstrated as a slower dissociation rate of the dihydrotestosterone-AR complex [33]). The strongest evidence for this concept is the fact that targeted disruption of both steroid 5-alpha-reductase enzymes in the mouse does not impair virilization because it is associated with a profound increase in testosterone levels [34]. The dihydrotestoterone-AR complex may also exert some unique role(s) in male physiology.
Estrogens act in concert with androgens to inhibit gonadotropin secretion (see above) and to promote epiphyseal maturation in the adolescent boy [10]. Estrogen excess in men can be either relative or absolute and is usually manifested by breast enlargement (gynecomastia). Androgens act in the breast to inhibit the actions of estrogens. (See "Epidemiology and pathogenesis of gynecomastia").

Of the 50 mcg of estradiol formed daily in normal adult men, about 85 percent is synthesized in extraglandular tissues, and the remainder in the testes. The aromatization of androgens in testis and in extraglandular tissues is catalyzed by the same CYP19 present in the placenta and ovary, a microsomal enzyme whose expression is determined by tissue specific promoters [35]. Adipose tissue is the most significant site of estrogen formation in normal men, and the overall rate of estrogen synthesis in extraglandular tissue rises with increasing body weight and advancing age. Increases in the serum LH concentration enhance the secretion of estradiol by the testes.

[Juldax]

hoop trouwens niet dat ik gezeik krijg door dit te posten, normaal moet je ervoor betalen en ik mag niet copy pasten ...

denk niet dat de blauwe links werken of wel??

[taxation]

Ten eerste, (redelijk) bedankt voor de informatie tot dusver

Ik zal de centrale vraag in de topic herformuleren, zodat iedereen kort antwoord kan geven

Heeft het gebruik van testo-boosters geleid tot een toename in spiermassa, dan wel een afname in vet massa?

Ik ga er vanuit dat er veel meer BB'ers zijn die dit weleens geprobeerd hebben.

MVG,
Taxation

[Juldax]

Lees dit maar:

Efficacy — It seems intuitive that androgens increase muscle mass and muscle strength, given the obvious differences between men and women. While exogenous testosterone administration results in increases in serum testosterone concentrations and muscle strength, there is no evidence that androstenedione increases muscle strength.

• In one placebo-controlled, double-blind study of exogenous testosterone, 43 normal men were randomly assigned to one of four groups: strength training exercise with either 600 mg of testosterone enanthate once per week (about six times a replacement dose) or with placebo; or no exercise with either testosterone or placebo [16]. Testosterone treatment increased fat-free mass and muscle strength, both in men who exercised and in men who did not, but more so in those who exercised simultaneously.

• In contrast, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in normal men, administration of 100 mg androstenedione three times daily for eight weeks did not increase muscle strength; however, serum testosterone concentrations were not increased by this regimen [12]. Similarly, in a placebo-controlled study of 50 healthy men ages 35 to 65 years receiving androstenedione or androstanediol (200 mg/day), neither hormone altered body composition or muscle strength compared with placebo [17].

Zoals je ziet bij de eerste dubbelblind en placebo gecontroleerde studie kregen zelfs zij die niet trainden meer spiermassa van testosteron.

[Juldax]

Hier de resultaten het eerste onderzoek


Background Athletes often take androgenic steroids in an attempt to increase their strength. The efficacy of these substances for this purpose is unsubstantiated, however.

Methods We randomly assigned 43 normal men to one of four groups: placebo with no exercise, testosterone with no exercise, placebo plus exercise, and testosterone plus exercise. The men received injections of 600 mg of testosterone enanthate or placebo weekly for 10 weeks. The men in the exercise groups performed standardized weight-lifting exercises three times weekly. Before and after the treatment period, fat-free mass was determined by underwater weighing, muscle size was measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and the strength of the arms and legs was assessed by bench-press and squatting exercises, respectively.

Results Among the men in the no-exercise groups, those given testosterone had greater increases than those given placebo in muscle size in their arms (mean [±SE] change in triceps area, 424±104 vs. -81±109 mm2; P<0.05) and legs (change in quadriceps area, 607±123 vs. -131±111 mm2; P<0.05) and greater increases in strength in the bench-press (9±4 vs. -1±1 kg, P<0.05) and squatting exercises (16±4 vs. 3±1 kg, P<0.05). The men assigned to testosterone and exercise had greater increases in fat-free mass (6.1±0.6 kg) and muscle size (triceps area, 501±104 mm2; quadriceps area, 1174±91 mm2) than those assigned to either no-exercise group, and greater increases in muscle strength (bench-press strength, 22±2 kg; squatting-exercise capacity, 38±4 kg) than either no-exercise group. Neither mood nor behavior was altered in any group.
Conclusions Supraphysiologic doses of testosterone, especially when combined with strength training, increase fat-free mass and muscle size and strength in normal men


Ik heb het verschil in spiermassa vet gedrukt.

Link:
NEJM -- The Effects of Supraphysiologic Doses of Testosterone on Muscle Size and Strength in Normal Men

[de sterkste ophaler]

@ GeneralIx

Mijn excuses dan maar

[GeneralIx]

Insgelijks.

[Spank]

Niet om je topic te verkrachten, maar hoe weet je of je testosteron niveau goed is?

Kan je dat bijvoorbeeld merken als je vaak behoefte aan sex hebt oid?

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Vraag ik me ook af!

Ik heb Test Hardcore van GetDiesel in huis, nog niet gebruikt! Ga eerst meer verzadigde vetten eten.. Miss dat dit helpt

[GeneralIx]

Nee, sex drive is niet dé indicator. Het is er een die je kunt gebruiken, maar niet echt kunt vertrouwen. Beste is een bloedtest voor je totale test, en een speekselanalyse voor je vrije test. (Is goedkoper dan de vrije test te laten meten bij je bloedtest, schijnt nogal lastig te zijn).

[de sterkste ophaler]

Nee, sex drive is niet dé indicator. Het is er een die je kunt gebruiken, maar niet echt kunt vertrouwen. Beste is een bloedtest voor je totale test, en een speekselanalyse voor je vrije test. (Is goedkoper dan de vrije test te laten meten bij je bloedtest, schijnt nogal lastig te zijn).

Waar kun je dat het BESTE laten doen? Bij de GGD? Of de huisarts? Of ergens anders?

[GeneralIx]

Denk (weet het dus niet) dat het weinig uit maakt. Overigens is ook een bloedtest niet zaligmakend, je test werkt ook in cycli, dus afhankelijk van wanneer je meet heb je een ander niveau (zit dus enige fluctuatie in).

[de sterkste ophaler]

Het zou dus het beste zijn om over een bepaalde periode meerdere malen een bloedtest/speekseltest te doen en daar gemiddeldes van uit te rekenen? Anders weet je nooit wat je test levels gemiddeld genomen zijn, en waar fluctaties zitten. Of denk jij er anders over. Overigens is dit wel een dure methode (als het de enige is).

[GeneralIx]

Ja. Of een urinesample, maar dat is nog niet zo makkelijk als het lijkt.

Dan mag je namelijk de hele dag met een emmertje sjouwen waarin je moet pissen als je moet pissen, en op het eind van de dag moet je de boel eens doorroeren, daar een klein buisje in dippen en dat buisje met inhoud opsturen. En dan is het lastige dat je wel genoeg moet drinken, maar niet teveel en niet te weinig, anders klopt er ook nog maar weinig van.

Maar als je het gewoon een keer laat meten en die waarde is goed (en niet aan de absolute onderkant van het normale testosteron), dan zal het ook de rest van de dag wel goed zitten.